Varicose veins are enlarged veins that typically appear in the legs. They develop due to weakened vein walls and malfunctioning venous valves, causing blood to pool and increasing pressure within the veins. This condition can lead to discomfort, pain, swelling, and, in severe cases, complications such as skin ulcers. Vascular surgery is a medical procedure aimed at treating these abnormal veins. Addressing varicose veins can enhance leg appearance, relieve symptoms, and prevent potential complications.
Before surgery, a thorough evaluation by the physician assesses the extent of varicose veins to determine the most suitable procedure. This evaluation occurs during initial consultations. Subsequently, the physician devises a surgical plan for the procedure day.
The surgery typically occurs under local anesthesia with sedation. It means the treatment area is numbed while the patient remains awake or lightly sedated during the procedure. The surgeon then proceeds with the planned surgical steps.
Various surgical techniques are available depending on the size and location of the affected veins, including:
Phlebectomy: Small incisions (without a scalpel) are made in the skin to remove varicose veins. A special hook is used to extract the veins through these incisions.
Laser/Radiofrequency Ablation: A specialized probe is inserted into the affected vein to heat and close it, leading to its obstruction and eventual absorption by the body.
Glue Closure (Cyanoacrylate): This technique involves inserting a catheter into the target vein and using biocompatible glue (cyanoacrylate) to close it. Blood flow is redirected to healthier veins without requiring sedation, performed through a single puncture in the office.
After varicose vein removal surgery, adhering to specific care measures is crucial for recovery and minimizing complications. Here are essential post-operative care guidelines:
1 – Leg Elevation: Elevating the legs is recommended in the initial days post-surgery to reduce swelling and improve venous return. Keeping the feet above heart level whenever possible is beneficial.
2 – Compression Stockings: Physicians typically prescribe elastic compression stockings after varicose vein surgery. These stockings aid in reducing swelling, enhancing blood circulation, and lowering the risk of complications such as blood clots.
3 – Medication Adherence: Strict adherence to prescribed medications is important. Pain relievers help manage discomfort, while anti-inflammatories may be used to reduce local inflammation.
4 – Wound Care: If dressings are applied to the surgical area, maintaining cleanliness and dryness as per the surgeon’s instructions is necessary. Dressings may require periodic changing or application of specific ointments.
5 – Gradual Resumption of Activities: Gradually returning to daily activities is advised under medical guidance. Avoiding strenuous physical activities and heavy lifting in the initial weeks post-surgery is crucial. The surgeon guides on when it’s safe to resume work and engage in physical exercise.
6 – Healthy Diet and Hydration: Consuming a balanced diet rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals supports quicker recovery. Adequate hydration by drinking water throughout the day is essential.
7 – Sun Exposure Avoidance: Avoiding direct sunlight on treated areas for a duration specified by the physician helps prevent skin discoloration and irregular pigmentation during healing.
8 – Medical Follow-up: Attending scheduled follow-up appointments with the vascular surgeon is vital. During these, the surgeon monitors recovery progress and may provide additional post-operative care recommendations. Individualized instructions may vary based on the surgery’s extent and the patient’s unique characteristics, emphasizing the importance of adhering to the vascular surgeon’s guidance for optimal recovery and positive outcomes.
